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Subcellular distribution and chemical form of Pb in hyperaccumulator

Yanqun ZU,Yuan LI,Huan MIN,Fangdong ZHAN,Li QIN,Jixiu WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 250-258 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0643-3

摘要： Solution culture was conducted in order to understand accumulation characteristics and chemical forms of Pb in ( ) and the response of root exudates to Pb addition. The results showed that: 1) Pb contents in the shoot and root of increased with increasing in Pb concentrations in solution. 2) The contents of Pb chemical forms under Pb addition followed as: HAc extractable fraction (F )>HCl extractable fraction (F )>NaCl extractable fraction (F )>ethanol-extractable fraction (F )>water extractable fraction (F ). 3) Increased Pb level in the medium caused increases in Pb contents in the four subcellular fractions of shoots and roots, with most accumulation in FIV (Fraction IV, soluble fraction) in shoots and FI (Fraction I, cell wall fraction) in roots. 4) Contents of soluble sugar and free amino acid of root exudates increased with increasing Pb concentration in solution. Significantly positive correlations between Pb and contents of soluble sugar and free amino acid were observed. 5) With Pb concentrations in solution, low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) contents followed the tendency: tartaric acid>acetic acid>malic acid>citric acid. Significantly positive correlation was observed between Pb and citric acid contents. The results indicate that soluble sugars, free amino acid and citric acid in root exudates of facilitate the absorption and accumulation of Pb, which exist in NaCl-, HCl- and HAc- extractable Pb forms, FI and FIV fractions, resulting in tolerance of to Pb.

关键词： Pb     Arenaria orbiculata     chemical forms     subcellular distribution     root exudates     hydroponic culture    

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Comparisons in subcellular and biochemical behaviors of cadmium between low-Cd and high-Cd accumulation cultivars of pakchoi (

Meng XUE, Yihui ZHOU, Zhongyi YANG, Biyun LIN, Jiangang YUAN, Shanshan WU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 226-238 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0582-4

摘要： Subcellular distributions and chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) in the leaves, stems and roots were investigated in low-Cd accumulation cultivars and high-Cd accumulation cultivars of pakchoi ( L.). Root cell wall played a key role in limiting soil Cd from entering the protoplast, especially in the low-Cd cultivars. The high-Cd cultivars had significantly higher leaf and stem Cd concentrations than the low-Cd cultivars in cell wall fraction, chloroplast/trophoplast fraction, organelle fraction and soluble fraction. In low-Cd cultivars, which were more sensitive and thus had greater physiological needs of Cd detoxification than high-Cd cultivars, leaf vacuole sequestrated higher proportions of Cd. Cd in the form of pectate/protein complexes (extracted by 1 mol·L NaCl) played a decisive role in Cd translocation from root to shoot, which might be one of the mechanisms that led to the differences in shoot Cd accumulation between the two types of cultivars. Furthermore, the formation of Cd-phosphate complexes (extracted by 2% HAc) was also involved in Cd detoxification within the roots of pakchoi under high Cd stress, suggesting that the mechanisms of Cd detoxification might be different between low- and high-Cd cultivars.

关键词： cadmium (Cd)     low-Cd cultivar     pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)     subcellular distribution     chemical forms    

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High cadmium pollution risk on vegetable amaranth and a selection for pollution-safe cultivars to lower the risk

Yihui ZHOU, Meng XUE, Zhongyi YANG, Yulian GONG, Jiangang YUAN, Chunyan ZHOU, Baifei HUANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 219-230 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0469-9

摘要： A pot experiment was carried out by growing 29 different genotypes ( spp.) of vegetable amaranth under low- (0.12 mg·kg ) and middle- (0.40 mg·kg ) cadmium (Cd) exposure. The result showed that amaranth was vulnerable to cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil. Variations of Cd concentrations in both roots and edible parts among genotypes were significant ( <0.001) in both treatments. Cd concentrations in edible parts of the tested genotypes grown under low- and middle-Cd levels were significantly correlated ( <0.01), implying that Cd-accumulating property of amaranth is genotype-dependent. Differences in Cd chemical forms between cv. Nanxingdayemashixian (cv. Nan), a selected typical pollution-safe cultivar (Cd-PSC), and cv. Pennongjianyexian (cv. Pen), a selected typical non-Cd-PSC, under different Cd exposure conditions were compared. It was found that the alternation of Cd in F (Cd form extracted by 1 mol·L NaCl) may be a key factor in regulating Cd accumulation of different amaranth genotypes and that the protein-binding Cd is considered to be associated with Cd translocation. The results indicated that amaranth is capable of enduring high level of Cd pollution when grown as vegetable crop, and accordingly, consuming vegetable amaranth would bring high health risk. Therefore, adopting Cd-PSC strategy would help reducing the risk of Cd pollution in amaranth. In this study, cv. Nan was identified as a Cd-PSC and recommended to be applied production practice.

关键词： Amaranth     Cadmium (Cd)     Cd accumulation     pollution-safe cultivar (PSC)     Cd chemical forms     health risk    

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Unnormalized and normalized forms of gefura measures in directed and undirected networks

Raf GUNS,Ronald ROUSSEAU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第16卷 第4期   页码 311-320 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400425

摘要： In some networks nodes belong to predefined groups (e.g., authors belong to institutions). Common network centrality measures do not take this structure into account. Gefura measures are designed as indicators of a node’s brokerage role between such groups. They are defined as variants of betweenness centrality and consider to what extent a node belongs to shortest paths between nodes from different groups. In this article we make the following new contributions to their study: (1) We systematically study unnormalized gefura measures and show that, next to the ‘structural’ normalization that has hitherto been applied, a ‘basic’ normalization procedure is possible. While the former normalizes at the level of groups, the latter normalizes at the level of nodes. (2) Treating undirected networks as equivalent to symmetric directed networks, we expand the definition of gefura measures to the directed case. (3) It is shown how Brandes’ algorithm for betweenness centrality can be adjusted to cover these cases.

关键词： Networks subdivided in groups     Partitions     Gefura measures     Q-measures     Brokerage role     Directed and undirected networks     Brandes’     algorithm    

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Spatial distribution of phosphorus forms in sediments with different distances to the estuary of the

Shaoyong LU, Xiangcan JIN, Fengchang WU, Jing SI, Jianning GUO,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 295-300 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0231-0

摘要： Effects of human activity on the distribution of phosphorus (P) forms were investigated for the sediments and porewaters in Daqinghe Estuary of Dianchi Lake, China. The concentrations of total P (TP), inorganic-P (I-P), and organic-P (Org-P), and the ratio of iron-bound P (Fe-P)/calcium-bound P (Ca-P) in the sediments decreased with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary. This is probably due to the flocculant materials, e.g., ferric and aluminous salts, usually being added in the wastewater treatment processes. The concentration of ammonia in the sediment porewaters significantly decreased with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary. Both concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrogen in the sediment porewaters decreased to some content with the increasing distance from the sampling site to the estuary. However, the concentrations of nitrate, dissolved total P (DTP), and TP did not have strong relationship with the distances from the sampling sites to the estuary. Pollution load and water quantity also had an important influence on the concentrations of P in sediments and its interstitial water in estuary sedimentary area.

关键词： estuary sedimentary area     phosphorus (P)     spatial distribution     human activity     the Dianchi Lake    

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Characterization of phosphorus species and modeling for its organic forms in eutrophic shallow lake sediments

Hongguang CHENG,Xiao PU,Yiting CHEN,Fanghua HAO,Liming DONG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第6期   页码 905-921 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0650-4

摘要： Variations of phosphorus (P) and its species in surface sediment of Baiyangdian Lake, a eutrophic shallow lake located in North China, were investigated through combination of field survey and numerical calculation based on cluster analysis. P fractionation was performed by a sequential extraction scheme, categorized as loosely bound P (NH Cl-P), reductant soluble P (BD-P), metallic oxide bound P (NaOH-P), calcium bound P (HCl-P) and organic P (Org-P). P concentrations exhibited regional similarities and a total of four sub-areas were identified in which the same rank was HCl-P>Org-P>BD-P ≈ NaOH-P>NH Cl-P. NH Cl-P, BD-P and Org-P were found to contribute to P enrichment in overlying water column. Specifically, labile Org-P acted as a potential pool with a greater contribution in aerobic layer compared to anaerobic layer. A hysteresis (lag= 4 months) existed when labile Org-P concentration was negatively correlated with aerobic layer thickness. In view of magnitude of identified P contributors in sub-areas, higher potential of P release was present in Fuhe River and Tang River estuary areas. On the basis of calibration and verification, the mathematical model with parameter settings applied in this study was improved to serve as a tool for limnology management and eutrophic control.

关键词： phosphorus fractionation     variation characteristics     modeling     sediment     Baiyangdian Lake    

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Micro/nanofluidics-enabled energy conversion and its implemented devices

Yang YANG, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 270-287 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0126-6

摘要： Most people were not aware of the role of energy as a basic force that drives the development and economic growth of the world until the two great oil crises occurred. According to the conservation law, energy not only exists in various forms but is also capable of being converted from one form to another. The common forms of energy are mechanical energy, chemical energy, internal energy, electrical energy, atomic energy, and electromagnetic energy, among others. The fluids in nature serve as the most common carriers and media in the energy conversion process. Following the rapid development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, the energy supply and conversion issue in micro/nano scale has also been introduced in research laboratories worldwide. With unremitting efforts, great quantities of micro/nano scale energy devices have been investigated. Micro/nanofluid shows distinct features in transporting and converting energy similar to their counterpart macroscale tasks. In this paper, a series of micro/nanofluid-enabled energy conversion devices is reviewed based on the transformation between different forms of energy. The evaluation and contradistinction of their performances are also examined. The role of micro/nanofluid as media in micro/nano energy devices is summarized. This contributes to the establishment of a comprehensive and systematic structure in the relationship between energy conversion and fluid in the micro/nano scale. Some fundamental and practical issues are outlined, and the prospects in this challenging area are explored.

关键词： micro/nanofluid     different energy forms     energy conversion     medium role    

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Present situation and classification of piezoelectric pump

Fang YE, Shouyin WANG, Wei CHENG, Qixiao XIA, Jianhui ZHANG,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第4卷 第4期   页码 420-429 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0052-7

摘要： According to the present classification method for a piezoelectric pump, this paper reviews the development and present situation of piezoelectric pumps in the latest 30 years and finally puts forward a new classification. A volumetric piezoelectric pump, which belongs to traditional volumetric pumps, can be divided into a piezoelectric pump with or without valves. A new valveless piezoelectric pump nowadays becomes a hot issue in scientific research. It is constructed by using no-moving-part valves, which can induce positive flow resistance and negative flow resistance different, and in which the inlet and outlet are connected all the time. New forms of piezoelectric pumps, different from traditional ones, are only at the stage of conception and principle, and no practical application has been reported.

关键词： piezoelectric pump     development and present situation     new classification method     valveless piezoelectric pump     new forms of piezoelectric pump    

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Comparison between linear and non-linear forms of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order adsorption

Junxiong LIN , Lan WANG ,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 320-324 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0030-7

摘要： The best-fit equations of linear and non-linear forms of the two widely used kinetic models, namely pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations, were compared in this study. The experimental kinetics of methylene blue adsorption on activated carbon was used for this research. Both the correlation coefficient () and the normalized standard deviation Δ(%) were employed as error analysis methods to determine the best-fitting equations. The results show that the non-linear forms of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were more suitable than the linear forms for fitting the experimental data. The experimental kinetics may have been distorted by linearization of the linear kinetic equations, and thus, the non-linear forms of kinetic equations should be primarily used to obtain the adsorption parameters. In addition, the Δ(%) method for error analysis may be better to determine the best-fitting model in this case.

关键词： adsorption     pseudo-first order     pseudo-second order     kinetic model     linear method     non-linear method    

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桥梁形态与美学 Feature Article

邓文中

《工程（英文）》 2018年 第4卷 第2期   页码 267-276 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.12.013

摘要：
桥梁设计的目的，是以业主所能接受的成本在保证所建造桥梁安全的前提下，确保其典雅美观并满足一切功能性需求。一处成功的桥梁设计必然是自然的、简单的、独创的，且其设计应当与周围环境相得益彰。美学并不是桥梁设计的附加属性，而是设计中应当考虑的重要因素。在概念设计阶段，我们应当兼顾桥梁的结构与美观。为此，桥梁设计工程师必须对结构理论与桥梁美学有深刻的理解。

关键词： 形态     美学     桥梁     概念     设计     环境    

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Special issue on “Green chemical process and intensification”

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第11期   页码 1533-1535 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2263-y

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Special Issue for the Future Chemical Engineering Scholars of Global Chinese Chemical Engineering Symposium

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 775-776 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2172-0

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Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1652-x

摘要： The combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) after the train derailment accident in Ohio, USA in February, 2023 has caused widespread concern around the world. This paper tried to analyze several issues concerning the accident, including the appropriateness of the VC combustion in the emergency response in this accident, the meanings of so-called “controlled combustion”, the potential environmental risks caused by VC and combustion by-products, and follow-up work. In our view, this accident had surely caused environmental and health risks to some extent. Hence, a comprehensive environmental risk assessment is necessary, and then the site with risk should be comprehensively remediated, hazardous waste should be harmlessly treated as soon as possible. Finally, this accident suggests that further efforts should be taken to bridge the gap between chemical safety management and their environmental risk management.

关键词： Vinyl chloride     Combustion     Chemical safety management     Environmental risk     Emerging contaminants    

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Effects of sulfur on variations in the chemical speciation of heavy metals from fly ash glass

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1728-7

摘要：

● A higher sulfur content reduced the curing rate of Cr in glass.

关键词： Dechlorinated fly ash     SO3     Heavy metal     Chemical speciation     Glass solidification    

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我国林产化学工业发展的新动向

宋湛谦

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第2期   页码 1-6

摘要：

林产化学工业是将可再生的森林资源经过化学加工生产出各种有用的产品。它是森林资源高效可持续利用的一个重要组成部分。文章介绍我国林产化学工业的现状，并指出今后发展方向，即加强创新研究，开发深加工产品；推进林产化工企业向大型化发展；发展木材制浆造纸和开发木质能源。

关键词： 林产化学工业     森林资源     化学加工    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Subcellular distribution and chemical form of Pb in hyperaccumulator

Yanqun ZU,Yuan LI,Huan MIN,Fangdong ZHAN,Li QIN,Jixiu WANG

期刊论文

Comparisons in subcellular and biochemical behaviors of cadmium between low-Cd and high-Cd accumulation cultivars of pakchoi (

Meng XUE, Yihui ZHOU, Zhongyi YANG, Biyun LIN, Jiangang YUAN, Shanshan WU

期刊论文

High cadmium pollution risk on vegetable amaranth and a selection for pollution-safe cultivars to lower the risk

Yihui ZHOU, Meng XUE, Zhongyi YANG, Yulian GONG, Jiangang YUAN, Chunyan ZHOU, Baifei HUANG

期刊论文

Unnormalized and normalized forms of gefura measures in directed and undirected networks

Raf GUNS,Ronald ROUSSEAU

期刊论文

Spatial distribution of phosphorus forms in sediments with different distances to the estuary of the

Shaoyong LU, Xiangcan JIN, Fengchang WU, Jing SI, Jianning GUO,

期刊论文

Characterization of phosphorus species and modeling for its organic forms in eutrophic shallow lake sediments

Hongguang CHENG,Xiao PU,Yiting CHEN,Fanghua HAO,Liming DONG

期刊论文

Micro/nanofluidics-enabled energy conversion and its implemented devices

Yang YANG, Jing LIU

期刊论文

Present situation and classification of piezoelectric pump

Fang YE, Shouyin WANG, Wei CHENG, Qixiao XIA, Jianhui ZHANG,

期刊论文

Comparison between linear and non-linear forms of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order adsorption

Junxiong LIN , Lan WANG ,

期刊论文

桥梁形态与美学

邓文中

期刊论文

Special issue on “Green chemical process and intensification”

期刊论文

Special Issue for the Future Chemical Engineering Scholars of Global Chinese Chemical Engineering Symposium

期刊论文

Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident

期刊论文

Effects of sulfur on variations in the chemical speciation of heavy metals from fly ash glass

期刊论文

我国林产化学工业发展的新动向

宋湛谦

期刊论文